maddison-effectsofa-2013.pdf (1.07 MB)
Effects of a free school breakfast programme on children's attendance, academic achievement and short-term hunger: results from a stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial
journal contribution
posted on 2013-03-01, 00:00 authored by C Ni Mhurchu, D Gorton, M Turley, Y Jiang, J Michie, Ralph MaddisonRalph Maddison, J HattieBACKGROUND: Free school breakfast programmes (SBPs) exist in a number of high-income countries, but their effects on educational outcomes have rarely been evaluated in randomised controlled trials. METHODS: A 1-year stepped-wedge, cluster randomised controlled trial was undertaken in 14 New Zealand schools in low socioeconomic resource areas. Participants were 424 children, mean age 9±2 years, 53% female. The intervention was a free daily SBP. The primary outcome was children's school attendance. Secondary outcomes were academic achievement, self-reported grades, sense of belonging at school, behaviour, short-term hunger, breakfast habits and food security. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant effect of the breakfast programme on children's school attendance. The odds of children achieving an attendance rate <95% was 0.76 (95% CI 0.56 to 1.02) during the intervention phase and 0.93 (95% CI 0.67 to 1.31) during the control phase, giving an OR of 0.81 (95% CI 0.59 to 1.11), p=0.19. There was a significant decrease in children's self-reported short-term hunger during the intervention phase compared with the control phase, demonstrated by an increase of 8.6 units on the Freddy satiety scale (95% CI 3.4 to 13.7, p=0.001). There were no effects of the intervention on any other outcome. CONCLUSIONS: A free SBP did not have a significant effect on children's school attendance or academic achievement but had significant positive effects on children's short-term satiety ratings. More frequent programme attendance may be required to influence school attendance and academic achievement. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR)-ACTRN12609000854235.
History
Journal
Journal of epidemiology & community healthVolume
67Issue
3Pagination
257 - 264Publisher
BMJ Publishing GroupLocation
London, Eng.Publisher DOI
eISSN
1470-2738Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2013, The AuthorsUsage metrics
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AbsenteeismAchievementAdolescentAdolescent Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaChildCluster AnalysisFemaleFood ServicesFood SupplyGovernment ProgramsHumansHungerInterpersonal RelationsMaleNew ZealandProgram EvaluationPublic AssistanceSchoolsSelf ReportSocioeconomic FactorsStudentsScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicinePublic, Environmental & Occupational HealthDESIGNHEALTHQUESTIONNAIRESTRENGTHS
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