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Estimating the direct and indirect water use of tourism in the eastern Mediterranean
journal contribution
posted on 2013-01-15, 00:00 authored by Michalis HadjikakouMichalis Hadjikakou, J Chenoweth, G MillerThe impact of tourism activities on local water resources remains a largely understudied issue in environmental and sustainable tourism management. The aim of the paper is to present a simple methodology that allows an estimate of direct and indirect local water use associated with different holiday packages and to then discuss relevant management implications. This is explored through the creation of five illustrative examples of holidays to semi-arid eastern Mediterranean destinations: Cyprus (2), Turkey, Greece and Syria. Using available data on water use associated with different forms of travel, accommodation and tourist activities, indicative water footprints are calculated for each of the illustrative examples. Food consumption by tourists appears to have by far the most significant impact on the overall water footprint and this aspect of water use is explored in detail in the paper. The paper also suggests a way of employing the water footprint methodology along with import/export balance sheets of main food commodities to distinguish between the global and local pressure of tourism demand on water resources. Water resource use is likely to become an increasingly important issue in tourism management and must be considered alongside more established environmental concerns such as energy use, using methodologies that can capture direct as well as supply chain impacts.
History
Journal
Journal of environmental managementVolume
114Pagination
548 - 556Publisher
ElsevierLocation
Amsterdam, The NetherlandsPublisher DOI
ISSN
0301-4797eISSN
1095-8630Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2012, ElsevierUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
AlgorithmsDietEnvironmentHolidaysHumansMediterranean RegionRecreationWater SupplyScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineEnvironmental SciencesEnvironmental Sciences & EcologyWater footprintSustainable tourismSustainability trade-offsWater scarcityCLIMATE-CHANGEVIRTUAL WATERECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTSCARCITYMANAGEMENTRESOURCESPOLICYCONSUMPTIONCONSEQUENCESINDICATORS
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