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Gene-environment interaction in problematic substance use : interaction between DRD4 and insecure attachments
journal contribution
posted on 2013-07-01, 00:00 authored by Craig OlssonCraig Olsson, R Moyzis, E Williamson, J Ellis, M Parkinson-Bates, G Patton, T Dwyer, Helena RomaniukHelena Romaniuk, E MooreTo investigate the combined effect of an exon III variable number tandem repeat in the dopamine receptor gene (DRD4) and insecure attachment style on risk for tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use problems in young adulthood. It was hypothesized that (1) individuals with 5, 6, 7 or 8 repeats (labelled 7R+) would be at increased risk for problematic drug use, and (2) risk for drug use would be further increased in individuals with 7R+ repeats who also have a history of insecure parent–child attachment relations. Data were drawn from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study, an eight-wave longitudinal study of adolescent and young adult development. DRD4 genotypes were available for 839 participants. Risk attributable to the combined effects of 7R+ genotype and insecure attachments was evaluated within a sufficient causes framework under the assumptions of additive interaction using a two-by-four table format with a common reference group. 7R+ alleles were associated with higher tobacco, cannabis and alcohol use (binging). Insecure attachments were associated with higher tobacco and cannabis use but lower alcohol use. For tobacco, there was evidence of interaction for anxious but not avoidant attachments. For cannabis, there was evidence of interaction for both anxious and avoidant attachments, although the interaction for anxious attachments was more substantial. There is no evidence of interaction for binge drinking. Results are consistent with a generic reward deficit hypothesis of drug addiction for which the 7R+ disposition may play a role. Interaction between 7R+ alleles and attachment insecurity may intensify risk for problematic tobacco and cannabis use.
History
Journal
Addiction biologyVolume
18Issue
4Pagination
717 - 726Publisher
Wiley - Blackwell PublishingLocation
Oxford, Eng.Publisher DOI
ISSN
1355-6215eISSN
1369-1600Language
engPublication classification
C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2011, The Authors, Addiction Biology, Society for the Study of AddictionUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
attachment stylecohort studiesDRD4 exon III VNTRgene–environment interactionsubstance useyoung adulthoodScience & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineBiochemistry & Molecular BiologySubstance Abusegene-environment interactionGENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATIONEXON-III POLYMORPHISMRECEPTOR GENE7-REPEAT POLYMORPHISMSMOKINGRISKADOLESCENTSSELECTIONMETAANALYSISSENSITIVITY
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