Human T-cell epitopes of the latex allergen Hev b 5 in health care workers

Background: Latex allergy affects health care workers as a high-risk cohort. Hey b 5 is a major latex allergen reacting with serum IgE from 92% of latex-allergic health care workers. Because CD4+ T-cell recognition is central to the specific immune response to allergens, identification of dominant T-cell epitopes is important for the development of specific immunotherapy for latex allergy. Objective: Our purpose was to map T-cell epitopes of Hev b 5 in health care workers. Methods: Six latex-allergic health care workers (grade 3 to 4 enzyme allergosorbent test score) were studied. Peripheral blood latex specific 3-week T-cell lines were generated and screened for proliferative response to overlapping 20-mer peptides of Hev b 5. Supernatants collected at 48 hours were analyzed by ELISA for IL-5 and IFN-γ. Results: Dot immunoblotting with use of recombinant Hev b 5/maltose- binding protein indicated serum-specific IgE in 5 of 6 patients. T-cell reactivity to one or more Hey b 5 peptides was identified in these 5 donors, but not in the sixth. Hev b 5 (46-65) induced T-cell proliferation in all 5 donors. Hev b 5 (109-128) stimulated T cells from 3 of these patients. Proliferative responses were accompanied by substantial IL-5 secretion and minimal IFN-γ, indicating a T(H)2-predominant cytokine profile. Conclusions: Five of 6 latex-allergic patients demonstrated T-cell responsiveness to Hev b 5 consistent with a major T-cell reactive latex allergen. Two T-cell immunodominant regions of Hev b 5 were identified, and reactivity to these sites was associated with strong IL-5 but minimal IFN-γ production.