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Pd embedded in porous carbon (Pd@CMK-3) as an active catalyst for Suzuki reactions: accelerating mass transfer to enhance the reaction rate
journal contribution
posted on 2014-09-01, 00:00 authored by Z Wang, W Chen, Z Han, J Zhu, N Lu, Y Yang, D Ma, Ying (Ian) ChenYing (Ian) Chen, S HuangHeterogeneous catalysts are promising candidates for use in organic reactions due to their advantages in separation, recovery, and environment compatibility. In this work, an active porous catalyst denoted as Pd embedded in porous carbon (Pd@CMK-3) has been prepared by a strategy involving immersion, ammoniahydrolysis, and heating procedures. Detailed characterization of the catalyst revealed that Pd(0) and Pd(II) species co-exist and were embedded in the matrix of the porous carbon (CMK-3). The as-prepared catalyst has shown high activity toward Suzuki reactions. Importantly, if the reaction mixture was homogenized by two minutes of ultrasonication rather than magnetic stirring before heating, the resistance to mass transfer in the pore channels was significantly reduced. As a result, the reactions proceeded more rapidly and a four-fold increase in the turnover frequency (TOF) could be obtained. When the ultrasonication was employed throughout the entire reaction process, the conversion could also exceed 90% even without the protection of inert gas, and although the reaction temperature was lowered to 30 °C. This work provides a method for fabricating highly active porous carbon encapsulated Pd catalysts for Suzuki reactions and proves that the problem of mass transfer in porous catalysts can be conveniently resolved by ultrasonication without any chemical modification being necessary.[Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2014 Tsinghua University Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
History
Journal
Nano ResearchVolume
7Issue
9Pagination
1254 - 1262Publisher
SpringerLocation
Berlin, GermanyPublisher DOI
ISSN
1998-0124eISSN
1998-0000Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2014, SpringerUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
CMK-3mass transferPdporous catalystSuzuki reactionsScience & TechnologyPhysical SciencesTechnologyChemistry, PhysicalNanoscience & NanotechnologyMaterials Science, MultidisciplinaryPhysics, AppliedChemistryScience & Technology - Other TopicsMaterials SciencePhysicsHETEROGENEOUS PALLADIUM CATALYSTMIYAURA COUPLING REACTIONSARYL CHLORIDESMESOPOROUS SILICASHAPE-SELECTIVITYLIGAND-FREENANOPARTICLESREUSABILITYCARBENEOXIDE
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