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Plastic Crystals Utilising Small Ammonium Cations and Sulfonylimide Anions as Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries
journal contribution
posted on 2020-01-01, 00:00 authored by Ruhamah Yunis, Danah Al-MasriDanah Al-Masri, A F Hollenkamp, C M Doherty, Haijin Zhu, Jenny PringleJenny Pringle© 2020 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are increasingly promising as a class of solid-state electrolyte for developing safer lithium batteries. However, their advancement relies on expanding the range of well-characterised cation/anion combinations. Here, we report the synthesis and characterization of OIPCs utilising small ammonium cations tetramethylammonium ([N1111]+), triethylmethylammonium ([N1222]+) and tetraethylammonium ([N2222]+), chosen to encourage significant rotational and translational motion, with the charge-diffuse and electrochemically stable bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ([FSI]) and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([NTf2]) anions. To investigate the physico-chemical properties of the OIPCs, the free volume was measured by positron annihilation spectroscopy (PALS) and correlated with the ionic conductivity and thermal analysis (DSC). Solid-state NMR analysis of the salts, is also reported. The salts with the less symmetric cation, [N1222][FSI] and [N1222][NTf2], were identified as the most promising electrolyte materials, and thus the electrochemical properties after mixing with 10 and 90 mol% lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) or lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiNTf2), respectively, were investigated. This study demonstrates the efficacy of these OIPC materials as new quasi-solid state electrolytes with advantageous properties such as high conductivity, good thermal and electrochemical properties, the ability to incorporate high lithium salt concentrations and support efficient lithium electrochemistry.
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Journal
Journal of the Electrochemical SocietyVolume
167Issue
7Article number
070529Pagination
1 - 13Publisher
IOP ScienceLocation
New York, N.Y.Publisher DOI
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ISSN
0013-4651eISSN
1945-7111Language
engPublication classification
C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2020, The Author(s)Usage metrics
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