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The characteristics and outcome of infective endocarditis involving implantable cardiac devices
Infection of implantable cardiac electronic devices in particular lead endocarditis (cardiac device infective endocarditis (CDIE)) is an emerging problem with significant morbidity, mortality and health care costs. The epidemiology is characterised with advanced age and health care association in cases presenting within 6 months of implantation. Risk factors include those of the patient, the procedure and the device. Staphylococcal species predominate as the causative organisms. Diagnosis is reliably made by blood cultures and transesophageal echocardiography. Complications include pulmonary and systemic emboli, persistent bacteremia and concomitant valvular involvement. Management includes complete device removal and prolonged antimicrobial therapy. With long-term follow-up to 1 year, the mortality of CDIE is as high as 23 %. It is associated with patient co-morbidities and concomitant valvular involvement and may be prevented by device removal during index admission.
History
Journal
Current infectious disease reportsVolume
16Issue
12Article number
446Pagination
1 - 5Publisher
SpringerLocation
Berlin, GermanyPublisher DOI
ISSN
1523-3847Language
engPublication classification
C Journal article; C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalCopyright notice
2014, Springer VerlagUsage metrics
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No categories selectedKeywords
Science & TechnologyLife Sciences & BiomedicineInfectious DiseasesImplantable electronic cardiac deviceInfective endocarditisPacemaker infectionLead endocarditisCARDIOVERTER-DEFIBRILLATORSPERMANENT PACEMAKERHEART-FAILURERESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPYPROSTHETIC VALVEDIAGNOSISMANAGEMENTPROFILESSURVIVALTRENDS
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