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Ultra-stable all-solid-state sodium metal batteries enabled by perfluoropolyether-based electrolytes

journal contribution
posted on 2022-09-29, 23:55 authored by Xiaoen Wang, C Zhang, M Sawczyk, Jenny Sun, Q Yuan, Fangfang ChenFangfang Chen, T C Mendes, Patrick HowlettPatrick Howlett, C Fu, Y Wang, X Tan, D J Searles, P Král, C J Hawker, A K Whittaker, Maria ForsythMaria Forsyth
Rechargeable batteries paired with sodium metal anodes are considered to be one of the most promising high-energy and low-cost energy-storage systems. However, the use of highly reactive sodium metal and the formation of sodium dendrites during battery operation have caused safety concerns, especially when highly flammable liquid electrolytes are used. Here we design and develop solvent-free solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on a perfluoropolyether-terminated polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based block copolymer for safe and stable all-solid-state sodium metal batteries. Compared with traditional PEO SPEs, our results suggest that block copolymer design allows for the formation of self-assembled nanostructures leading to high storage modulus at elevated temperatures with the PEO domains providing transport channels even at high salt concentration (ethylene oxide/sodium = 8/2). Moreover, it is demonstrated that the incorporation of perfluoropolyether segments enhances the Na+ transference number of the electrolyte to 0.46 at 80 °C and enables a stable solid electrolyte interface. The new SPE exhibits highly stable symmetric cell-cycling performance at high current density (0.5 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2, up to 1,000 h). Finally, the assembled all-solid-state sodium metal batteries demonstrate outstanding capacity retention, long-term charge/discharge stability (Coulombic efficiency, 99.91%; >900 cycles with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode) and good capability with high loading NaFePO4 cathode (>1 mAh cm−2).

History

Journal

Nature Materials

ISSN

1476-1122

eISSN

1476-4660

Publication classification

C1 Refereed article in a scholarly journal