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Managing risks or generating uncertainties? Ambiguous ontologies of testing in Australian healthcare
journal contribution
posted on 2023-05-10, 05:44 authored by Kiran PienaarKiran Pienaar, A Petersen, D M BowmanMedical testing promises to establish certainty by providing a definitive assessment of risk or diagnosis. But can those who rely on tests to offer advice or make clinical decisions be assured of this certainty? This article examines how Australian health professionals, namely clinicians, microbiologists, specialist physicians and health policymakers, delineate the boundary between certainty and uncertainty in their accounts of medical testing. Applying concepts from science and technology studies, and drawing on qualitative data from a sociological study of testing in Australian healthcare, we consider how professionals ascribe meaning to testing and test results. As we argue, for these health professionals, the ‘evidence’ that testing generates has ambiguous ontological significance: while it promises to provide diagnostic certainty and clear direction for advice or treatment, it also generates uncertainties that may lead to yet further tests. Our analysis leads us to question a key premise of testing, namely that it is possible to establish certainty in medical practice via the measurement of individual health risks and disease markers. Against this dominant view, the responses of the health professionals in our study suggest that uncertainty is intrinsic to testing due to the constantly changing, unstable character of ‘evidence’. We conclude by considering the implications of our analysis in light of healthcare’s increasing reliance on sophisticated technologies of ‘personalised’ testing using genetic information and data analytics.
History
Journal
Health: an interdisciplinary journal for the social study of health, illness and medicineVolume
25Pagination
669 - 687Location
London, Eng.Publisher DOI
ISSN
1363-4593eISSN
1461-7196Language
engPublication classification
C1.1 Refereed article in a scholarly journalUsage metrics
Categories
Keywords
Science & TechnologySocial SciencesLife Sciences & BiomedicinePublic, Environmental & Occupational HealthSocial Sciences, BiomedicalBiomedical Social Sciencesdiagnosisevidencehealth professionals' viewsmedical testingscience and technology studiesuncertainty workWORKCLINICIANSOCIOLOGYMEDICINEPATIENTRECORDRIGOURhealth professionals’ viewsSociology
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